Foundation University Journal of Business & Economics

Mean and Variance Volatility Spillover from Commodity Market to Stock Market of Pakistan, China and India

2024-11-05T08:55:19+00:00

The focus of this study is to understand the volatility and its spillover from Crude Oil and Gold Market to the
stock markets of the countries selected. This is a univariate analysis where only one direction of volatility spillover
has been examined. GJR GARCH Model has been used for the purpose of analysis. The findings of the study
reveal that ARCH effect exists in the Oil and Gold Market but not in the Stock Markets Selected. Further, Mean
Volatility do not exist but Variance equation shows volatility. And, no evidence of spillover was found in these
stock markets.

Beyond Adversity: Exploring the Role of Entrepreneurial Resilience, Alertness, and Innovative Culture in Career Advancement

2024-11-05T09:06:54+00:00

This study examines the influence of psychological resilience of entrepreneurs on their career success and opportunity recognition capabilities. Entrepreneurial alertness is taken as an intervening variable in an organizational culture characterized by innovativeness. The sample consists of 353 entrepreneurs residing in various cities of Pakistan. The data was examined using SPSS and Advanced Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in M-PLUS software. Our findings reveal a strong connection between entrepreneurial resilience, career success and opportunity recognition. Entrepreneurial alertness was also found to play a crucial role in mediating this relationship. The study further explored the moderating role of an innovative organizational culture, exploring its effect in enhancing the effect of entrepreneurial psychological resilience on both career success and opportunity recognition. These results indicate useful synergies amongst psychological aspects, organizational culture, and key entrepreneurial outcomes. Important implications in furthering entrepreneurship research and improving organizational practices are also discussed.

Examining The Role of Laissez-Faire Leadership in Organizational Politics: A Moderated Mediated Model

2024-11-05T08:55:19+00:00

Many factors are thought to be a cause of organizational politics in any organization and in past research, it is empirically tested that leadership is one of those factors. Exploitative and despotic leadership causes politics in organizations but ethical leadership discourages it. However, the role of the laissez-faire leadership style in organizational politics is yet to be thoroughly investigated. This research aims to study the role of Laissez-Faire Leadership in Organizational Politics. Moreover, it also focuses on the mediating role played by Esprit De Corps and the moderating role of Employee GRIT upon the phenomenon of Organizational Politics resulting from Laissez-Faire Leadership on the top. Data was collected through a questionnaire survey from the employees of the National Highways and Motorway Police (NHMP) a Law Enforcement Agency and a Public Sector Organization. Data analysis was done through SPSS and AMOS software. The study findings revealed that Laissez-Faire Leadership results in Organizational Politics and is positively related to it. These findings were found to be in conformity with the Conservation of Resources Theory. The results also confirmed the mediating role of Esprit De Corps in the above-said phenomenon, thus, supporting the Cognitive Evaluation Theory. It was indicated that Laissez-Faire Leadership has a negative relationship with Esprit De Corps and likewise, Esprit De Corps has a negative relationship with Organizational Politics. Moreover, it also confirmed that Employee GRIT does have a moderating effect, on the relationship between Laissez-Faire Leadership and Organizational Politics mediated by Esprit De Corps and is negatively related. This finding corroborated what GRIT theory advocates. In the end, the implications, limitations of this study, and future directions have also been discussed.

Corporate Debt, Accrual, and Real Earnings Management: A Non-Linear Relation Across Asian Emerging Economies (AEE)

2024-11-05T08:55:19+00:00

This study provides empirical evidence on non-linear relation between Corporate Debt and Earnings
Management (EM) across nine Asian Emerging Economies (AEE). Two widely used and accepted EM
techniques are employed i.e. accrual-based earnings management (AEM) and real activities-based earnings
management (REM). In order to investigate debt-EM nexus in AEE institutional settings, data of 6,128
non-financial listed firms with 60,880 firm-year observations are used from the period of 2000 to 2021. Our
results, based on fixed-effects and system-GMM models, report that firms use REM in low-debt zones and AEM
at higher levels of debt. The non-linear debt-AEM nexus has a U-shaped pattern whereas debt–REM reveals an
inverted U-shaped relation. In sum, results show that managers exercise REM in low debt regimes and prefer to
increase AEM activities at high debt level in order to avoid debt covenant violation. REM is although difficult
to detect by market participants but it is still considered costly for high-debt firms since these firms have high
interest and principal obligations that absorb free cash flows and leave nothing for managers for their
substandard spending. The findings of the study have significant implications for investors, managers,
policymakers and practitioners.

Application of Mincerian Equation to the Higher Secondary Schools Teachers in District Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan

2024-11-05T08:55:19+00:00

This study is some sort first in the area investigates the statistical and Econometric relationship of academic
years, experience and income. The schooling is a very significant determinant of personal income based on
experimental and academic studies. Study tests the application of Mincerian equation to the higher secondary
school teachers of district Abbottabad, KP Pakistan. The study is based on cross-sectional data of the year 2022.
Data collected from the (Education Directorate Office Abbottabad. This study used a sample of 250 teachers.
Log-linear model used for the estimation of parameters. and to concludes the results of regression. Results reveal
the positive association of income with education and job market experience. Higher education has the greater
contribution in income comparatively experience and academic years. One-year increase in higher education
results 7 % increase in income level. The higher education returns for male teachers is 6% while for female 10%.
The policy recommendation is to improve and invest in higher education.

Agglomerations, Urbanization and Economic Prosperity in Pakistan: A Demographic Analysis Using Ardl Approach for Time Series Data

2024-11-05T08:55:19+00:00

The current study aims to explore the relationship between agglomerations, urbanization and economic
prosperity in Pakistan. The empirical analysis is based on secondary dataset i.e. World Development Indicators
and Autoregressive Distribute Lag Model (ARDL) has been applied for the time period 1960-2016. The findings
depicts that in the long run agglomeration economies are contributing positively more to economic prosperity
compared to the share of overall urban population. However in the short run the effect of the latter variable is
found negative. All these results suggest that the governments should focus on policies specifically related to the
infrastructure building and the provision of basic services in the cities to improve the process of urbanization.
This is the only way to increase the agglomerations in the economy and its outcome in the form of generating
more economies of scale.

Ownership Structure and Sustainable Firm Performance: A Literature Review

2024-11-05T08:55:19+00:00

Purpose: This study aims to explore the contemporary issues in ownership structure towards the sustainable
firm’s performance for strategic managerial policy.
Design/methodology/approach: This study followed the systematic literature review technique.
Findings: Results found that most of the prior literature on this subject is related to developed countries,
while research on this subject in developing countries is found scant.
Originality: This study offers new propositions on contemporary issues in ownership structure. The
proposition alludes to a significant positive impact of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and
family ownership toward achieving sustainable firm performance.
Research limitations/implications: This review offers insights to managers and practitioners from developing
countries towards maintaining a balance between the ownership of various stakeholders towards achieving a
better and sustainable firm performance.

Ranking Classification Algorithms Using MCDM Techniques for Credit Card Fraud Detection with Imbalanced Perspective

2024-11-05T08:55:19+00:00

Over the last few years, credit card fraud (CCF) has emerged as a serious concern in financial risk detection.
Classification algorithms are among the robust methods to detect, analyze, and predict such frauds with low
complexity, pre-detection, and loss estimation. However, class imbalance—where the number of legitimate
transactions far exceeds the number of fraudulent ones—adversely affects a classifier’s performance, and the
results become divergent for different performance measures due to their multifaceted outcomes. This poses a key
challenge in ranking such algorithms. Moreover, fraud data is inherently imbalanced with non-static behavior, so
a single classifier or a group of classifiers cannot provide satisfactory results for all imbalance ratios. Motivated
by this observation, we analyze the impact of class imbalance through 10 classifiers and 8 performance measures,
which are finally ranked by Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques for a unified approach. Results
are analyzed for low skewed datasets, where classification algorithms outperformed for low skewed CCF datasets.
Based on our findings, we present a unified approach for ranking the classification algorithms in relation to
different imbalance ratios in credit card datasets. This study can be very useful for financial institutions to
increase their fraud-catching rate.

Embracing the New Normal: A Study on Employee Engagement in Pakistan's Post- Covid IT Sector

2024-11-05T08:55:19+00:00

Significant changes in work dynamics brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in a widespread
adoption of remote work or telework. This study examines how employee engagement is affected by remote work
in Pakistani businesses, with a particular emphasis on theIT industry. The study explores several factors, such
as cultural considerations, communication strategies, and the availability of support for home office setups, that
impact employee engagement in remote work arrangements through interviews with IT professionals. The results
underscore the significance of adjusting to novel approaches that facilitate remote work, like digital
communication instruments and organized virtual gatherings. Furthermore, the study clarifies how cultural
aspects play a part and how important it is to help remote teams develop a feeling of community and team
success. According to the study, remote work can improve employee engagement by lowering social loafing and
interdependency. There is also discussion of the study's limitations and ethical issues. In general, the study offers
significant perspectives on the connection between remote work and worker satisfaction in Pakistan.

Impact of Bilateral Real Exchange Rate on Bilateral Trade Balance: Evidence from Pakistan and Its Major Trading Partners

2024-11-05T08:55:20+00:00

This study investigates the impact of the bilateral real exchange rate on the bilateral trade balance of Pakistan
with its five major trading partners, namely the US, China, Saudi Arabia, Germany, and the UK. We utilize panel
data spanning from 1991 to 2018 for the six countries. We employ the fully modified OLS (FMOLS), and panel
error correction model (ECM) to explore the short-run as well as long-run dynamics of the relationships among
the variables. Since the cointegration procedure requires the investigation of the order of integration of variables,
we employ the panel unit root test to check the order of integration of variables. Before moving on to panel unit
root analysis, it is mandatory to check cross-sectional dependence. For this purpose, we employ a cross-sectional
dependence test designed by Pesaran (2004) which indicates the existence of cross-sectional dependence. Since
the presence of cross-sectional dependence requires a second-generation test for panel unit root analysis,
therefore, we employ the Fisher-ADF panel unit root test. The results of the test reveal that the trade balance is
stationary at level, while bilateral real exchange rate, domestic real GDP, and foreign real GDP are first-order
integrated. Further, the results of the FMOLS test reveal that both domestic real GDP and bilateral real exchange
rate harm the bilateral trade balance of Pakistan, while foreign real income has a positive impact on it. Moreover,
the results of panel ECM confirm the presence of a tendency of adjustment to the long-run equilibrium.

Echoes of Doubt: Unveiling Imposter Phenomenon Among First Generation Pakistani Students

2024-11-05T08:55:20+00:00

This paper aims at exploring the imposter phenomenon (IP) among first-generation college students (FGCS) in
Pakistan adopting a phenomenological research framework. Nine FGCS from different backgrounds were
interviewed to investigate how social and cultural factors affect their IP experiences. The research focused on
themes of social adaptation, motivation, university friendship, and the interplay of collectivism-individualism.
Findings showed that there are multiple interactions between the traditional cultural roles and the new academic
settings. Participants described IP issues when transitioning to university life, making friends, and coping with
academic stress in relation to cultural demands. However, they also demonstrated resilience and motivation
drawn from peer achievements.
The study highlighted the nature and perception of IP among FGCS in Pakistan based on their cultural
background and academic environment. The conflict between collectivist values and the less collectivist university
environment became an issue. However, participants’ performances were characterized by great tenacity, which
was often fueled by family expectations and the need to set an example for other members of the community. This
research helps to fill the gap in knowledge about IP in non-Western countries and provides insights for the
development of appropriate interventions for FGCS in the context of Pakistan’s higher education system. It
highlights the importance of culturally appropriate care and more research on IP’s experiences in different
cultures.

The Influence of Behavioral and Emotional Traits on The Spread of Negative Word of Mouth

2024-11-05T08:55:20+00:00

Firms invest substantial resources in creating a positive image through marketing campaigns, and any negative
word of mouth undermines these efforts. It is thus crucial to comprehend and address the spread of negative word
of mouth (NWOM). NWOM is driven by bad experiences, yet other segments like the consumer’s personality and
emotional state lead to NWOM. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between bad experiences and
NWOM, with a focus on emotional trait (frustration) as mediator and personality trait (moral identity) as
moderator through Andrew. F. Hayes’s process model. Findings reveal that people who encounter bad
experiences are very likely to spread NOWM. This relationship becomes stronger if they are frustrated.
Conversely, those people who have high moral identity experience less frustration resulting in a decline in
NWOM. The existing literature hardly exhibits the consumer’s personality and behavioral aspects to explain
consumer behavior in an online environment. This research utilizes a moderated mediation model to examine this
multivariant framework. This study utilized a cross-sectional design, future research suggestion is to utilize
longitudinal or experimental methodologies. Furthermore, memory-based surveys may possess limitations that
could be mitigated through experimental approaches.

Psychological Well-Being in Pursuit of Prosocial Behavior of Voluntary Simplifiers in a Collectivist Society: Understanding the Role of Consumer Disposition Behavior

2024-11-05T08:55:20+00:00

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the disposition behavior of voluntary simplifiers and outcome
of this consumption behavior specific to consumer psychological well-being. This paper examines the attitude of
voluntary simplifiers by understanding their altruistic and non-altruistic disposition behaviors in a collectivist
society of Pakistan which is an emerging and developing economy of South Asia. This cross-sectional study has
been conducted by collecting primary data from 234 respondents using structured questionnaires though
purposive convenience sampling in sustainable products industry. The structured equation modeling was applied
as a data analysis technique using AMOS. The results revealed that sense of self-sufficiency in voluntary
simplifiers have a significant impact on disposition behaviors. Voluntary simplifiers adopt different methods of
disposition to avoid accumulation of goods. The results have also established the role of collectivist culture
positively moderating the relationship between the simplicity attitude and disposition behavior.

Factors Affecting Impulsive Purchase Behaviour via the Mediating Function of the Urge to Buy via the SOR Model's Perspective

2024-11-05T08:55:20+00:00

This study looks at the independent effects of innovation, promotion, trust, and enjoyment on the purchasing
impulse. This study also evaluates the impact of the desire to buy on impulsive purchases. Pakistani smartphone
users in Islamabad provide the major data. After a comprehensive analysis of 384 datasets, a questionnaire is
utilised to gather the responses. The survey questions were developed after a careful review of the literature.
Because the study is quantitative, positivist research philosophy is applied in developing the research design.
Using SPSS software, data analysis procedures like regression, correlation, and descriptive analysis are carried
out to determine the underlying relationship between the independent and dependent variables of the conceptual
framework. The study's findings demonstrate a favourable correlation between promotion, trust, enjoyment,
innovation and the willingness to buy. Furthermore, a primary driver of consumers' impulsive purchases is their
urge to make a purchase.

Development of Islamic Banking in Pakistan; Challenges and Prospects

2024-11-05T08:55:20+00:00

This research examines the evolution and progress of Islamic banking in Pakistan, identifying key challenges
and assessing future prospects within the sector. The study adopts a qualitative methodology, drawing on both
primary and secondary data sources, including historical reports, statistical data, and interviews with key
stakeholders in the Islamic banking industry. Specifically, it includes insights from regulators at the State Bank
of Pakistan (SBP) and experts from Shariah Supervisory Boards (SSBs) within the sector. Interviews were
conducted with nine officials from the SBP and twelve Shariah supervisors, making this study unique in its focus
on industry regulators and Shariah scholars, unlike previous research that predominantly centered on customers
and bankers. The findings reveal that while the development of Islamic banking in Pakistan has faced significant
challenges, it has nevertheless gained traction over time. Addressing these challenges is essential for the
continued growth and success of the sector. As of 2023, the Islamic banking industry in Pakistan has expanded
to PKR 6.8 trillion (approximately USD 40 billion), capturing a 28.4% share of the total banking market (SBP,
2023).

Monetary Policy, Cash Flow and Corporate Investment: Evidence from Pakistan

2024-11-05T08:55:20+00:00

The current research aims to study the combined effect of micro-economic factor internal cash flow (CF) and
macro-economic factor monetary policy on investment behavior of non-financial firms listed on Pakistan Stock
Exchange over the period of 2010-2020. Dynamic panel model is used in the study for empirical testing of the
hypotheses. One-step and two step system with Quintile regression GMM estimation techniques were applied for
empirically testing of hypothesis. Data were collected from secondary sources through company’s annual
published and audited financial statements and from company’s website of 265 non-financial firms Pakistan. The
results identify cash flow has an inverse relationship with investment of firms in one step system GMM i.e. simple
regression. However, cash flow tends to increase the level of investment in all other regression models. The
contractionary monetary policy would likely to decrease the investment. Cash flow decreases the investment of
firms in lower quintile of firms as compared to high quintiles. Monetary policy decrease the investment in lower
quintiles but this relationship tends to be positive when firm move towards high quintiles of firm investment. The
magnitude of cash flow and monetary policy varies in all quintiles of firm investment. Overall, the results are
inconclusive across all the level. This study suggested that financial managers should manage internal cash flows
to increase cash reserves in order to meet capital expenditures and project’s needs of non-financial firms in
Pakistan.

Corporate Governance and Financial Sector Performance with Moderating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

2024-11-05T08:55:20+00:00

Due to its viability in financial sector, corporate governance has become an integral component in various
business organizational activities. This study examines relationship between corporate governance and banking
sector performance by using the corporate social responsibility as a moderating factor for a sample of 14 listed
banks over a period of 2012 – 2023. On the basis of performance, these banks are selected from Pakistan Stock
Exchange. For empirical purposes, since Hausman test remained significant hence fixed effects method is utilized
to estimate objectives of the study. The results reveal that in the presence of corporate social responsibility, the
corporate governance has significant effect on banking sector performance. It is also evident that corporate social
responsibility itself has positive and significant effect on banking sector performance.

Does Technostress cause Procrastination – The Dark Side of Technology

2024-11-05T08:55:20+00:00

The use of Technology at the work place aims to make the organizational processes efficient. However, the study
focuses on the dark side of technology i.e. Technostress in employees which is an emergent phenomenon with
increased focus on use of technology in the Post COVID-19 time. This study focuses on the behavioral side of the
employees that emerges due to Technostress. This causal study quantifies the impact of Technology Related Stress
i.e. Technostress on employees making a delay in work i.e. Procrastination. For the present study, based on
convenience and snowball sampling, the data was collected from 390 employees who have day-to-day interaction
with Information Communication Technology ICT. These employees were from the Telecommunication Industry
and Software Houses. Following the research work of Nimrod (2018), Technostress has been operationalized
having five dimension namely - Overload, Invasion, Complexity, Privacy and Inclusion while Procrastination
was measured using Metin, Taris, and Peeters (2015). The results reflect a significant positive association of
Overload, Invasion, Complexity and Privacy with procrastination while Inclusion was found to be statistically
insignificant. Hence, the shady side of technology persists and the organizations need to ensure that technology
adoption does not stress its employees to an extent that they start stalling work. For this, it is proposed that
Technostress management trainings be organized to ensure the employees are well equipped to address the
challenges proposed by Technostress at the work place.

Does Institutional Quality and Managerial Ability Drive the Association between ESG and Firm Performance: Evidence from Emerging Asian Markets

2024-11-05T08:55:20+00:00

This study aims to explore the role of managerial ability (MA) and institutional quality (IQ) in enhancing the
positive impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) policies on financial performance (FP). Against
the backdrop of global climate change, socio-economic advancements, and evolving corporate governance
standards, organizations face increasing pressure to adopt ESG practices. However, the implementation of ESG
policies often entails substantial costs. By investigating the joint influence of MA and IQ, this research seeks to
identify supplementary factors that can amplify the beneficial effects of ESG initiatives on FP. The study is
quantitative exploratory and uses panel data of 750 publicly listed companies covering period from 2010 to 2020.
Data has been acquired from the reputed data provider like Thomson Reuters and OLS regression has been used
for panel data analysis. Two measures of financial performance, the Tobin’s Q and Return of Assets (ROA) have
been used as proxies of financial performance. The study reaffirms the positive impact of Environmental, Social,
and Governance (ESG) factors on the financial performance of firms. Each pillar of ESG – environmental, social,
and governance – is positively correlated with financial performance. Additionally, managerial ability and
institutional quality act as supplementary variables, moderating the relationship between ESG and firms’
financial performance. Notably, both proxies of financial performance, Tobin’s Q and Return on Assets (ROA),
yield nearly identical results in terms of their relationships with ESG and the moderating effects of managerial
ability and institutional quality. Data of only 750 firms used for the analysis. Latest data was not available,
therefore, data from 2010 to 2020 was used in the study. The study underscores the potential for inducing
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices in emerging economies through a combination of
managerial ability and institutional pressures. It emphasizes the role of policymakers in addressing inefficiencies,
corrupt practices, and policy inconsistencies that impede the governance index and hinder the ease of doing
business. At the organizational level, policymakers should prioritize appointing managers with higher managerial
ability to responsible positions. For managers, understanding the long-term benefits associated with ESG
practices is crucial, despite potential short-term challenges. While previous research often focused on specific
countries, regions, or industries, this study stands out by examining the relationship between ESG and FP across
multiple emerging economies and industries, offering more generalizable findings. Building upon Stakeholders'
Theory, the study extends Upper Echelon Theory and Institutional Theory to incorporate the roles of managerial
ability and institutional quality in shaping this relationship."

Examining the Expense of Quality Assurance in Construction Endeavors

2024-11-05T08:55:20+00:00

This research focuses on assessing the cost of quality in the construction industry of Pakistan, particularly during
the design and construction phase of building projects. Through a quantitative approach, data was collected from
125 questionnaires, group discussions, and interviews. The study aims to analyze critical factors influencing
quality using the Relative Importance Index (RII) and Mean Item Score (MIS) method, as well as to calculate the
total Cost of Quality as a percentage. Findings indicate a significant lack of emphasis on quality management
practices within construction organizations, with many failing to allocate budgets for quality assurance and
control. Critical factors affecting the Cost of Quality include project complexity and size, efficiency of quality
management systems, contractor classification, supervision team experience, and project location. Furthermore,
the total cost of quality for construction projects was found to be 54.32%, with prevention costs accounting for
15.5% of the budget, appraisal costs constituting 12.3% of the budget, internal failure costs amounting to 13.9%
of the budget, and external failure costs totaling 12.6% of the budget. Recommendations include the development
of clear quality policies, prioritizing critical factors affecting quality, proper allocation of budget for quality
control, and establishment of dedicated quality control management departments within organizations. This study
contributes to understanding the importance of quality management in construction projects and highlights the
need for proactive quality assurance and control mechanisms to enhance project outcomes and mitigate financial
risks.

Impact of Perceived Organizational Support on Employee Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Job Burnout

2024-11-05T08:55:20+00:00

This study is an investigation into the association between employee turnover intention and perceived
organizational support of employeea as well as the mediating effect of job burnout. Job burnout has received
exceptional attention in business research because it has several negative consequences on employee
performance. Although employees from all fields of work get effected but burnout is a critical phenomenon for
nursing community. Besides existence of plethora of research related to burnout, limited studies have discussed
its role as a mediator between perceived organizational support and the turnover intentions. Current study
conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the data to analyse the phenomenon quantitatively. Sample of study
contains 212 nurses employed at private hospitals of Pakistan. A questionnaire given out by the researcher was
used to gather data in a formal setting. The regression analysis was performed to analyze a linear relationship
between the variables of study. Preacher and Hayes technique was used to investigate the mediation effect
between the variables (Hayes & Preacher, 2010). Results reported in the study, as supported by the theory,
demonstrated that perceived organizational support has statistically significant negative relationship with
turnover intention of employees (Galanis et al., 2024). Results also found that job burnout is negatively associated
with perceived organizational support and employee turnover intention and mediates the relationship between
perceived organizational support and turnover intention in employees.

Infrastructure Development (Physical), Economic Growth and Policy Choices: A Cross- Country Analysis

2024-11-05T08:55:20+00:00

The following study inspects the influence of the physical infrastructure on economic growth of Asian countries.
The countries in the studies are under-develop and have same geographical area. Countries from where data is
selected for examination are Pakistan, China, India, Bangladesh, Iran and Sri Lanka. The data of last 50 years
have been regressed from1970 to 2019 of Pakistan, China, India, Bangladesh, Iran and Sri Lanka. The findings
explain that there is substantial relationship between infrastructure development and economic growth;
infrastructure reflects physical. Energy consumption (oil) other variables proved positively significant
relationship with economic growth. Policy has been recommended for economic growth and approach to value
the variables according to needs and financial constraints and then prioritize the sectors in which government
should invest.

Green Tourism and Revisit Intention: The Role of Place Attachment, Loyalty, and Sustainable Practices

2024-11-05T08:55:20+00:00

The tourism industry is considered an imperative financial driver in a few nations. Therefore, travel industry
specialists consider the elements that could give them a serious advantage, particularly in drawing in recurrent
appearances to specific traveler objections. The tourist immersion in green environment has a positive impact on
tourist revisit intention. Place attachment and place loyalty positively mediate the relationship between tourist
immersion in green environment and visitor revisit intention. The moderator technological innovation and low
carbon practices positively moderated the association of tourist immersion in green environment and tourist
revisits intention. This study used a survey research design, with data collected from both international and local
visitors. Data was collected using simple random sampling. The SmartPLS software was used to perform
Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) on the model's fit, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. This study
contributed to the existing literature. It might further develop information regarding the comparability and
contrasts in factors impacting return to expectations

Nexus among SDG 5 and sustainability performance

2024-11-05T08:55:20+00:00

Incorporation of SDG 5 (Representation of women) on the board of directors is beneficial for corporation`s longterm
value creation and sustainable expansion. This study examines how the inclusion of SDG 5 on the board
affects sustainability (financial, social, and environmental). This study tries to define SDG 5's role and its
implications for sustainability performance. This study is based on three theories: the Triple Bottom Line, which
says that businesses should prioritize profit, the planet, and people; the agency theory, which says that directors
should align stakeholders' interests with sustainability practices; and the gender socialization theory, which
supports a gender difference perspective. The research sample consists of 8 years data span from 87 Industrial
firms with Pakistan Stock Exchange listings. The study used dynamic GMM analysis for estimations. The results
demonstrate that the presence of more women on boards of directors improves the sustainability of the social and
environmental spheres, whereas having more women on the board of directors makes the company's finances less
sustainable. According to this study, SDG 5 should encourage diversity and inclusion on the board of
manufacturing organizations. These companies should also focus on sustainable growth and merit-based board
member hiring. Additionally, this research has positive implications for regulators and policymakers who support
sustainable organizations.

An Empirical Investigation to Study The Impact of Employee Work Place Ostracism and Job Insecurity on The Their Work-Life Balance

2024-11-05T08:55:20+00:00

This study aims to investigate the impact of employee workplace ostracism and job insecurity on employee work
life balance. Co-worker ostracism, job insecurity, and employee work-life balance are inter-related concepts that
have been the subject of research in recent years. Coworker ostracism has a direct effect on employee work-life
balance and the study tested the impact of job insecurity as a mediator between coworker ostracism and worklife
balance.A sample of 304 respondents were collected to measure the three variables and their connection. The study
use self reported instrument to gauge the colleagues ostracism and their job related insecurities and its consequences on
the individuals work life balance. SPSS version 25 is used for statistical analysis and Hayes process is employed for
obtaining the results of mediation. The study finds that both the variables co-worker ostracism and job insecurities influence
co worker work-life balance. It indicates that there is a significant relationship between coworker ostracism and job
insecurity and subsequently, job insecurity mediates the relationship of ostracism and work-life balance. The results of this
study suggested that organizations must take proactive steps to foster a supportive and inclusive work environment by
knowing the connections between coworker exclusion, job insecurity, and work-life balance. The results of this study have
implications for individuals as well. They can actively look for assistance, communicate honestly with coworkers, and
research stress-reduction and work-life integration techniques.

Corporate Sustainability Performance Measurement: Narrative Review of Literature on Dimensions of Corporate Sustainability Indices

2024-11-05T08:55:21+00:00

The concept of corporate sustainability has gained immense significance in the last few decades. Several indices
have been developed to measure corporate sustainability performance (CSP) among different sectors of industry
and corporate firms. These indices cover different aspects of sustainability practices, however, the concept of
corporate sustainability performance has widened with the emergence of ESG, Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) and circular economy (CE) concept and these dimensions need to be included in an index of sustainability
performance. The aim of this study is to review different corporate sustainability indices (CSI) and analyze the
dimensions of sustainability upon which they are based. This study also reviews the utilization of indices for
measuring the impact of corporate sustainability practices on firm’s financial performance (FFP). A
comprehensive search of literature was carried out to review different CSI and narrative review methodology
was utilized to assess the utility of the indices. Specific search strings were formulated and Dimensions database
was used to extract bibliographic data. This study will enable researchers to find CSI dimensions that best suits
their research objectives. The items of a particular dimension of sustainability have not been covered in this
study. This study will also provide the limitations of existing indices and provide future directions in development
of integrated sustainability measurement indices.

Infrastructure Development (Non-Physical), Economic Growth andPolicy Choices: A Cross-Country Analysis

2024-11-21T07:54:02+00:00

The relationship between the non-physical infrastructure and development has always been an eye catching issue.
The following study inspects the influence of non-physical infrastructure on economic growth of Asian countries.
Countries from where data is selected for examination are China, India, Bangladesh, Iran and Sri Lanka. The
data of has been regressed from 1970 to 2019. Unit test technique has been employed and ARDL mechanism was
chosen for long term and short-term analysis. The findings explain the substantial relationship between nonphysical side of infrastructure development and economic growth. Social infrastructure variables i.e education and health showed positive significant relationship with economic growth. Policy has been recommended for economic growth is based on weightage approach to derive the quantitative value of the variables and then prioritize the sectors in which the government should invest according to the significance of variable.

Digital Finance and Carbon Emission with Mediating Role of Consumption Structure: A Comparative Study Between Developed and Developing Countries

2024-11-21T07:56:57+00:00

Digital finance has an advantage for promoting the reduction in cost, reduce the transaction cost and it also
decreased the CO2 emission. The whole environment of the world change due to the global warming in the
temperature of the world and this temperature is increased due to the carbon emission into the environment and
the reduction of CO2 emission is done with the help of the digital finance. The main objective or purpose of the
current study is to analyses the relationship between the digital finance and the carbon emission of the developing
and underdeveloped countries. In current study the researcher also uses the mediating role of the consumption
structure of the countries. They also point out that the future researchers should increase the time period of the
data collection for better results and innovation effect on the carbon emission. The data has been collected from
the developing and developed countries from 2013-2023. In developing countries Pakistan and India are taken
and in developed countries Japan and Australia are selected. Descriptive statistics, Endogeneity tests, robustness
tests, heterogeneity tests, correlation matrix and the regression analysis will be done by using the Stata. In
regression analysis mediations steps are followed. Current study provides the policy implications to the top
management of the companies as well as to the countries so that how can they control the emission of the carbon
into the environment and how the consumption structure is control whether it’s development-oriented
consumption or enjoyment oriented consumption. The policy makers should encourage the people so that they
can use the low carbon emission products which also improves the environmental condition of the countries.

Social Media: A Catalyst to Environmental Sensing for Supply Chain Management

2024-11-05T08:55:21+00:00

In today’s dynamic business environment organizations are competing in volatile marketplaces and to stay
competitive they need to explore new market opportunities and develop innovative ideas and flexibility to respond
to fluctuations in the business environment. The purpose of this research is to explore how the use of social
media improves sensing capability of organizations for a better supply chain management. Following an
interpretive research paradigm, this study employed a post priory inductive research approach and a
qualitative research methodology to explore the perspectives of supply chain professionals and academics on
the use of social media in supply chain management (SCM). Primary data was collected through semistructured
interviews. Thematic analysis was used to derive insights from the interviews with supply chain
professionals and academics. Results from 10 supply chain professionals suggest that turbulent environments
increase a firm’s scanning activities on supply market, while intense competition increases the firm’s scanning
on both supply and customer markets via social media. We can expect infusion of social media enabled
sensing techniques in upstream as well as downstream of the supply chain. From Environmental sensing
point of view, we propose that how companies can implement the social media in supply chain management and
what benefits from social media they can get. While this study provides valuable insights, it has several
limitations. The qualitative nature of the research, with a limited sample size of ten interviewees, may not fully
capture the diverse experiences and perspectives within the industry. The focus on Pakistani companies may
limit the generalizability of the findings to other regions with different technological advancements and
cultural contexts. Additionally, the relatively recent adoption of social media in SCM means that long-term
effects and trends were not fully explored. The study primarily relied on self-reported data, which may be subject
to bias. Environmental sensing is a pre requisite for effective reconfiguration and seizing of new opportunities
in the business environment. Information technology and different market intelligence tools facilitate in
environmental sensing thus having a transformational role in supply chain management. Similarly,
internet and social media also play important role particularly in transforming digital supply chains. The
information available on use of social media in supply chain management for improving sensing capability
is sparse. Therefore, the significance of this research is twofold. First it aims to contribute in the existing
theory and literature by exploring a relatively scarcely researched phenomenon of social media enabled
environmental sensing for supply chain management. Secondly it aims to develop new courses of actions for
practitioners and policy makers for active integration of social media technology and platforms for improving
supply chain management.

A Qualitative Study Exploring the Challenges in Tax Fraud Investigations

2024-11-05T08:55:21+00:00

The purpose of this study is to explore challenges in Tax Fraud Investigations faced by the investigating officers
and the study explores and highlights the real problems associated with such investigations. The study involves
in-depth interviews of fifteen investigating officers working in IRS Intelligence. Data collection involved focused
group interviews, individual indepth interviews and document analysis. The data were analyzed with the help of
grounded theory and thematic analysis. Research study suggests that in order to achieve quality performance of
Tax Fraud Investigations, it is very crucial to improve performance of investigating officers which may be
possible if the challenges highlighted by this research are overcome. It may further add value to the overall
domestic revenue mobilization efforts of Federal Board of Revenue besides creating deterrence for fraudulent
elements. Findings of the study are limited to the perspectives of fifteen participants. A similar study with larger
population in all the offices of IRS Intelligence as well as other investigating agencies could have provided even
more concrete and exhaustive results. Overcoming of such challenges and problems in Tax Fraud investigations
may invariably enhance the performance of investigating officer entrusted with tax fraud investigations and may
further increase the effective and efficient monitoring and enforcement activities while minimizing the evasion of
due taxes by fraudsters. The study further provides valuable insight into the prevalent investigation processes
which may be used by the legislators for making policies accordingly. The valuable insights into the problems
faced by the investigating officers may help the investigating agency to fix those problems for better performance
and in safeguarding the revenue of state. This is the first study of its kind conducted on problems and challenges
faced by the investigating officers conducting tax fraud investigations.

Impact of high performance work systems on employee turnover intention: a mediating role of burnout of Banking Sector of Pakistan

2024-11-05T08:55:21+00:00

Employee turnover is a significant concern for organizations, particularly in the dynamic landscape of the
banking sector in Pakistan. This study investigates the impact of high performance work system on turnover
intention, with a focus on the mediating role of burnout. A quantitative approach in the study is used. Based on
the available literature on the variables which are specified in the proposed theoretical model, four research
hypotheses are developed. A sample of 300 employees from various banks in Pakistan participated in the study.
Convenience sampling technique was used for data collection. Reliability analysis was conducted before
proceeding to a detailed analysis of the study. SEM multivariate data analysis technique was used. The analysis
revealed significant associations between the study variabes including high performance work systems, burnout
and turnover intention of employees. The findings underscore the importance of high performance work system
that prioritize employee well-being and address factors contributing to burnout. By understanding and addressing
these dynamics, organizations in the banking sector of Pakistan can develop targeted interventions to enhance
employee retention and organizational effectiveness.

Impact of Fintech on The Financial Performance of Pakistani Banking Sector: A Comparative Study of Islamic and Conventional Banks

2024-11-19T10:10:00+00:00

FinTech is a developing technology which primarily changed the way of banking. The association between banks
and FinTech got the attention of many scholars. In this regard, the present research aimed to investigate the
influence of financial technology on the Pakistani banking sector’s financial performance including both Islamic
and non-Islamic banks for tenure of 5 years comprising of 2018-2022. Four Islamic banks and all the
conventional banks except micro finance banks were chosen as a sample for this study. The analysis of the present
research is grounded on the independent variable Fintech (Internet banking, Mobile banking and ATM
transactions) and the dependent variable financial performance (ROA, ROE and EPS) of both banking systems.
The researcher collected quantitative data as per the quantifiable nature of the study from the yearly statements
of the concerned banks and State Bank of Pakistan website. Linear model regression of panel data was used to
derive the empirical outcomes from the analysis of financial technology and banks’ fiscal performance. The
outcomes of the research resulted that overall Pakistani banking sector’s financial performance was
insignificantly impacted by FinTech with reference to ROA and ROE. But individually fiscal performance of
Islamic banks has been positively influenced by financial technology while insignificant impact on conventional
banks’ financial performance in reference with ROA and ROE. Moreover, the outcomes of the research further
resulted that FinTech has positive significant impact on the financial performance of Pakistani banking sector as
a whole with respect to EPS. Theoretically, the present study added latest information to the existing literature
regarding Pakistani banking sector’s performance in liaison with FinTech. Practically, the present study has
dual implications. From customers’ perspective the use of FinTech services creates easiness for clients to avail
banking services irrespective of the time and place constraints. While from banks’ perspective the use of FinTech
services by customers promotes the agenda of green banking by reducing paperwork in the form of vouchers as
well as improves operational efficiency.

Role of Education, E-learning and Financial Development towards Environmental Sustainability

2024-11-19T10:13:11+00:00

Due to globalization, the role of financial development, education and E-learning is increasing in the daily life
of people, which significantly influences the environmental outcomes. But this association has attained little
attention in Chinese context from scholars and environmental economists. This study tries to fulfil this vacuum
by exploring the impact of financial development education and E-learning on Chinese environmental
performance through the ARDL approach. The findings disclose that education and E-learning improve
environmental performance in China. Based on these findings, it proposed that the Chinese government should
promote E-learning and education in remote areas of China to improve environmental performance and the
overall well-being of society.