Foundation University Journal of Business & Economics

Impact of Institutional Quality and Earning Population on Sustainable Development: The Moderating Role of Globalization

2023-10-27T05:10:27+00:00

The main objective of this study is to examine how the earning population and institutional quality of the belt and road countries have affected sustainable development. The generalized two-step moments method was used to analyze the panel data of 64 countries of the Belt and Road Initiative from 2003 to 2020. D-K regression and re-estimating alternative variables were used to validate the analysis. According to the GMM results, institutional quality positively influenced sustainable development while earning population negatively impacted sustainable development. Additionally, globalization with high institutional quality has a moderating effect that is both positive and significant, whereas the earning population with globalization has significant adverse impact on sustainable development. Furthermore, future directions and the implications for policy were also discussed.

Optimal Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism for Economic Growth of Developing Countries

2023-10-25T11:04:03+00:00

This paper assesses the role of monetary policy on economic growth in selected developing
countries and empirically estimates a dynamic model for exploring the performance of monetary
policy in developing countries. The panel data is collected for 44 developing countries from 1974
to 2018. The analysis is carried out through the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) which is
efficient to handle the problem of endogeneity and serial correlation. The results of monetary
indicators show that expansionary monetary policy is best suited for economic growth in
developing countries. The results of the money supply and banks reserve ratio suggested that
expansionary monetary policy is more appropriate for selected countries over contractionary
monetary policy. In a similar line, population growth performs a negative impact on economic
growth while the developing countries are labor-abundant, and analysis supports that the labor
force has a positive role in economic growth. Based on empirics, it is suggested that expansionary
monetary policy is more effective for economic growth and economic stability in selected
countries.

How Audit Quality Affects Bank Performance and Stability with Moderating Role of Ownership Structure

2023-10-25T11:15:54+00:00

This study examines the impact of audit quality on bank performance and stability,
considering ownership structure. Analyzing BR/CS economies and Pakistan from 2010 to
2020, it finds that audit quality positively affects bank performance and stability. Foreign
ownership moderates this relationship, while public ownership does not. These findings
inform policymakers and regulators in promoting high-quality auditing practices and
improving bank stability and performance. Audit quality is a crucial factor in maintaining the
financial success and stability of banks, contributing to improved performance and
transparency. Foreign ownership has a significant and positive moderating effect on the
relationship between audit quality and bank performance and stability. The findings have
implications for policymakers and regulators in implementing policies that promote high-quality auditing practices and enhance the stability and performance of banks in BR/CS
economies and Pakistan. The current research focuses on the moderating role of ownership
structure in the relationship between bank profitability, audit quality, and performance in
BR/CS countries and Pakistan, which is a novel approach. The global financial crisis of
2007-2008 highlighted the importance of audit committees in overseeing financial institutions
and enforcing regulations and standards. Emerging economies like BR/CS face unique
challenges due to weaker regulatory structures, less mature financial systems, and higher
levels of debt. Long-term stability of banks is crucial for the overall economic system and the
incidence of financial fraud and bankruptcies affects investor confidence and economic
growth.

An Empirical Study of YouTube advertisement impacts on young generation: An ethos of YouTube influence

2023-10-25T11:36:16+00:00

In recent times, there is a remarkable increase in number of people who are using internet for different purposes, but a large number of internet user are the ones, who are the viewers at the YouTube and those who are the creators, who publish their videos and different material on YouTube. Not all factors that sway customers to think YouTube advertising is effective have been discovered. This paper listed YouTube advertising's entertainment, informativeness, customizability, and irritability can affect advertising value, brand recognition, and customer intent to buy. The conceptual model hypothesizes that ad value strategies improve brand recognition, which affects users' views of You Tube's utility and their propensity to keep buying. This study used Pakistani market and young generation which are studying in Pakistani Universities and 250 surveys were analyze variable data. Entertainment, informativeness, and customization are the strongest positive drivers, while irritation is the strongest negative driver for YouTube ads. However, YouTube's advertising value affects brand awareness and buy intent

Analyzing Employee Performance through Workforce Diversity Management: Role of Workforce Diversity Characteristics

2023-10-25T11:42:43+00:00

The present study explores how diversity management impact employee performance behaviors and identified the mediating role of gender, religion, education and age diversity between the relationship of diversity management and employee performance. To carry out this research, cross sectional design was employed. Data was collected with simple random sampling technique from 350 employees working in diverse cultures in textile organizations of Pakistan. Quantitative data was analyzed on SMARTPLS software by employing structural equation modeling technique. The results of the present study indicate that workforce diversity management has significant direct relation with employee performance and various diversity characteristics mediate this relation. It helps to understand the diverse culture and provide guidelines for management of workforce diversity. Limitations and future recommendations are discussed.

The Effectiveness of Institutions in Economic Growth in Developing Countries: A Panel Data Analysis

2023-10-26T11:01:59+00:00

This study investigated the effect of institutions on economic growth for the panel of 17 developing countries which covers the period 2000-2014, using pooled ordinary least square model, fixed effect model, random effect model, and dynamic random effect model and generalized method of moments technique. It examined the direct impact of Institutions i.e., financial institutions, economic institutions, social institutions, and political institutions in economic growth in developing countries. This study shows that institutions significantly affect economic growth. This suggests that in emerging countries, institutions are the most important factor for an economy's growth. In this study, we have estimated panel ordinary least square model, fixed effect model, random effect model and dynamic random effect model". F-test is used between pooled ordinary least square model and fixed effect model. According to the f-test results; it shows us that pooled ordinary least square model is suitable model between fixed effect model and random effect model. Whereas fixed effect model shows significant impact of independent variables on dependent variable and random effect model also shows significant effect of independent variables on dependent variable. Between fixed effect model and random effect model. According to f-test statistic and Hausman test statistic, fixed effect model is a valid model. Fixed model is also valid model because it shows that GDP and independent variables have significant results. Our other explanatory variables i.e., capital stock, trade openness and four institutions also show significant impact on response variable. Adjusted R-square is also in favor of this model. Thus, the estimates are reliable, and we can use these estimates for policy making.

Takaful (Islamic Insurance) Adoption in Pakistan: A Moderating effect of Religiosity

2023-10-26T11:14:32+00:00

The purpose of this research study is to explore the moderating effect of religiosity against the intention to adopt Takaful insurance products and services in Pakistan. Earlier studies in the field of Takaful insurance have highlighted the degree of interaction between these two factors. The study includes four independent factors in addition to the dependent variable. The dependent variable is the intention to use Takaful Insurance products and services and independent variable are relative advantage, compatibility, social influence, and customer awareness of Takaful Insurance. Data from various regions of Pakistan were collected using a convenient sampling technique and a series of questionnaires as the survey instrument. The moderate effect of the factors has been predicted using moderated multiple regression analysis. The results show that religiosity significantly moderates the interplay of relative advantage, compatibility, social influence, awareness of Takaful, and intention to use Takaful Islamic insurance products. The result suggests that religious considerations influence Pakistani Takaful Insurance seekers' decisions to use Takaful Islamic Insurance goods and services in a significant way and it support hypothesis. The results of this study should help financial institutions develop marketing strategies that take these variables into account.

An Exploration of Moral Identity's Role in Mitigating the Impact of Despotic Leadership on Organizational Culture and Organizational Agility in the Public Sector of Pakistan

2023-11-02T08:29:14+00:00

This study investigates the mitigating role of moral identity (Ml) in the relationship between despotic leadership (DL) and organizational agility (OA) while considering the intervening role of organizational culture (QC). This study examines the relations that are based on the integration of social identity theory (SIT), social learning theory (SLT), and social exchange theory (SET). Data is collected using a questionnaire survey from 271 employees from different public sector organizations in Pakistan. The data analysis is conducted through SPSS, MPlus, and AMOS. The findings suggest that DL has a significant but negative relationship with OA. The study findings also uncovered that DL has a significant and negative impact on the OC that significantly but positively predicts OA. Furthermore, the results revealed that MI moderates the relationship between DL and OC, such that a high level of moral identity weakens this relationship, hence followers with high moral values will be less influenced by the despotic leaders. This study theoretically as well as practically contributes to the existing literature. Limitations and future directions are also discussed.

Socioeconomic Development: The Role of Impact Investments and CPEC

2023-10-26T11:33:13+00:00

This paper investigates the modes of impact investing to overcome the socioeconomic challenges of Pakistan. A descriptive analysis of different social indicators for the period 2006 to 2017 is conducted which includes health, education, tourism, vocational training, agriculture, and access to water. Each socioeconomic indicator is examined as a possible mode of impact investment. This study reports that a better alignment of impact investing in the second phase of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) will offer maximum development. The study recommends the most efficient and effective ways to achieve the greater goal of a prosperous Pakistan. The author strongly recommends the policymakers of CPEC to focus on impact investing along with conventional investment plans to combat the socioeconomic challenges in Pakistan.

Exploring the Factors Affecting Wheat Productivity in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis

2023-10-27T05:34:16+00:00

Food security plays a vital role in both economic progress and social harmony, especially in nations such as Pakistan, where the agricultural sector significantly drives the economy. Wheat is the major staple food in Pakistan. This paper aims to explore the affects of major inputs on wheat productivity in Pakistan. For this purpose, a data for the period from 1981 to 2021 was empirically analyzed. The results revealed that the major inputs including improved sees, area under cultivation of wheat, water availability, fertilizer, Farm machinery, specifically tractors, play a crucial role in enhancing wheat productivity in Pakistan with a notable and meaningful effect. The study recommends that providing subsidies to small-scale farmers for key agricultural inputs such as tractors, tube-wells, and fertilizers can be an effective way to improve wheat productivity in Pakistan. Moreover, Access to modern agricultural machinery and inputs can also help small-scale farmers to increase their yields and reduce the cost of production, which can improve their profitability and livelihoods.